Executive Functions “Soft Skills” for Leading
Planning. Organization. Time Management. Working Memory. Focus. Self-Control.
Research shows that executive-function skills developed in childhood—such as self-control, focus, planning and flexible thinking—are associated with important outcomes in school and later life, including health, financial well-being and overall functioning.
Executive Function Focus | What is it? | Why does it matter? |
| Planning | Figuring out what needs to happen first, second, third | Helps children think ahead, break goals into steps, and turn ideas into action. |
| Organization | Keeping track of materials and information | Helps children manage belongings, assignments, ideas, and responsibilities independently. |
| Time Management | Understanding how long things take | Teaches children to estimate time, meet deadlines, and use their time wisely. |
| Working Memory | Holding information in mind while using it | Helps children remember information and instructions while completing tasks or solving problems. |
| Focus | Staying with a task despite distractions | Helps children stay engaged, learn effectively, and complete tasks despite distractions. |
| Self-Control | Pausing before acting or responding | Helps children pause, manage impulses, and make thoughtful choices. |